Active Case Finding of Tuberculosis in India; A Review

Abstract

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major problems in India. India is marching towards TB elimination by 2025 with various strategies. Active Case Finding (ACF) is considered as one of the important key strategy among them. At present there is a paucity proper review on this topic. Methods: We reviewed the various electronic sources and published articles related to Active Case Finding of TB in India for the past 10 years. In total 138 articles were line listed from various electronic sources and after initial screening 31 articles were retrieved for full review. Results: Most of the studies have identified a large number of new cases with variations in number needed to screen (median 140 (Inter quartile range of 65-1,111)). Different studies adapted different methodology on implementing ACF. ACF has been proved to be highly useful among vulnerable population and is cost effective. Major advantage of ACF is early detection and prompt treatment of TB, which will prevent further transmission in the community. Major challenges are improper follow up of diagnosed cases and sputum negative cases. Sample related challenges were collection of early morning sputum samples, transport of samples and performing X-ray for the presumptive cases. Conclusion: ACF has been proved to be a vital strategy in TB elimination in India. Challenges should be seriously considered before implementing ACF depending upon the ground reality for better results.