An Epidemiological Investigation of Acute Diarrhoeal Disease Outbreak in Saloni Village of Balodabazar District, Chhattisgarh

Acute Diarrhoeal Disease Outbreak Investigation

Abstract

Background: Every year in India, acute diarrheal disease (ADD) causes 12 million infections and 1216 fatalities. On May 6, 2024, an Acute Diarrhoeal Disease(ADD) outbreak was reported from Saloni village in Balodabazar district, Chhattisgarh. Objective: to investigate the outbreak, determine the source of infection, and implement immediate control and preventive measures. Methods: A case was defined as a person experiencing at least three or more loose watery stools in 24 hours in Saloni village between May 6, 2024, and May 19, 2024. We collected stool samples for bacterial culture and tested water from multiple water sources for faecal coniform. Results: A total of 26 cases were identified, with 80% female, and 10 hospitalizations (38%). The median age was 35 years (range 1 month to above 60 years). Cases started on May2, 2024. District authorities started chlorination of water sources on May 6, 2024, and cases declined soon after. Two stool samples were taken for culture, which were found to be negative. Two, out of the five water samples collected from pipelines and hand pumps were positive for Escherichia coli. Conclusions: This ADD outbreak was likely associated with the consumption of contaminated drinking water from the leaked water pipeline supply. We recommend the government to supply chlorinated drinking water and to promote good hygienic practices among the people.