Magnitude of Anaemia and Micro-nutritional Deficiencies (Iron, Folate, and Vitamin B12) among Outpatient Clinic Patients at a Rural Village-level Health Post in Haryana: An Exploratory Study

Micro-nutritional Deficiencies at a Health Post in Haryana

Abstract

Background: Anaemia is a significant public health challenge globally. In India, the prevalence rates exceed 50% among women of reproductive age and children. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anaemia and associated nutritional deficiencies (iron, folate, and vitamin B12) among individuals attending an outpatient clinic in Kheri, Haryana. Methods: A total of 90 participants aged above nine years were enrolled, and blood samples were analyzed for haemoglobin levels and relevant nutritional biomarkers. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 72.2%, with higher rates observed among females (77%) compared to males (50%); 51% of participants had vitamin B12 deficiency, 36% had folate deficiency, and 24% had ferritin deficiency. Among anaemic individuals, 74% had coexisting deficiencies in one or more nutrients. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between anaemia and ferritin deficiency (adjusted OR: 11.22, p < 0.05) and a protective effect of vitamin B12 sufficiency. Additionally, dietary patterns such as high tea consumption with meals and limited intake of fruits and green leafy vegetables contributed to poor nutritional status. Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address nutritional deficiencies, particularly vitamin B12 and folate, alongside iron supplementation to reduce the prevalence of anaemia. Comprehensive public health strategies emphasizing dietary education and enhanced access to nutritional supplements are essential to mitigate the burden of anaemia and its broader health implications.